At the beginning of the last century, the human papillom virus was mentioned as the reason for the appearance of warts.But later, it turned out that it could cause the development of genital cancer in representatives of the sex and carcinomas of the throat and the rectum.According to the range of clinical manifestations, doctors have managed to distinguish various types of HPV and combine them in a certain system.
Everything you need to know about the human papilloma virus
An increasing number of people wonder: HOP infection - What is it?This abbreviation designates a group of viruses which are common and heterogeneous structure, capable of affecting the skin and mucous membranes.The infection of this substance occurs from a long period.Thus, the warts are known from the Greeks and the Romans, and on the condylomas of the anogenital region even earlier.The PCR has even been able to distinguish DNA from type 18 HPV from the Mummy type of Maria Aragon (XVI century).And it was not until the beginning of the 21st century the opportunity to influence the spread of a pathogen.
Classification principles
There are several opinions concerning the number of types of HPV.It has been officially established that the group includes more than 170 strains.They constitute 5 genres and approximately 130 agents are described in detail and studied.But scientists already know nearly 600 types found in humans.
For the first time, the HPV, as a single species, was recorded in 1971. To date, knowledge about it has been much enriched, which has served as the impulse for the creation of a classification, reflecting not only the species, but also the gender to which the strain belongs.In practice, this is of great importance because it helps to determine clinical manifestations and the form of the course of the infection.
The types of viruses are identified according to the following criteria:
- transmission method;
- targets (skin or mucous membranes);
- Diseases that develop due to an infection;
- degree of oncogenicity.
The classification by the degree of carcinogenicity is necessary in order to prevent the consequences associated with the development of cancer.
HPV types:
- Low-risk spish 6, 12, 14, 42-44;
- Average risk - types 31, 35, 51;
- High risk - 16, 18, 45, 56, 58, 59.
This classification allows you to clearly assess the degree of risk and develop an adequate treatment strategy.
The most dangerous strains
It is proven that HPV is capable of causing the growth of the dermis and leading to the formation of benign formations on the face, neck, back, stomach, each resembles dysplasia in papillary, papilloma, in vehicle.But high-orcogenic pathogen in the vast majority of cases causes the development of oncology in men and women.The virus is transmitted mainly sexually and barrier contraceptives are unable to provide 100% protection against its penetration.
The following strains are considered to be the most dangerous:
- Condylomatosis (the appearance of sharp growths) - 6, 42.
- Small flat formations formed on the walls of the vagina and the cervical canal - 30, 33, 42, 43, 55, 57, 64, 67.
- The cervical carcinoma of the uterus is 31, 35, 39, 54, 66. The most dangerous are the HPP of the 16th and 18th types.
It is important to know!Even after identifying the type of virus, you should not panic, because the most malicious strains for a long time can be in a state of "sleep".Therefore, from the formation of cervical cancer, decades can pass for decades.
The penetration of the virus into the body
Papillomavirus is considered extremely contagious and each type can be transmitted by a certain method.
The main options for penetration of the pathogen into the body of the "victim" are as follows:
- In sexual contact with the virus carrier.The most common means of infection.Danger is both a traditional version and other relationships.Since the size of the pathogen is much smaller than the diameter of the pore of the condom, the contraceptive cannot provide 100%protection.
- A type of vertical infection implies the transfer of the virus to the mother to the child in the work process.A non-marketing agent is capable of provoking the appearance of laryngeal papillomatosis of the newborn in a newborn, that is to say the formation of growths on the mucous membranes and the mouth, and less often the genitals.
- The contact contact method to transmit an infection is also considered common.Some strains differ in survival, they can therefore maintain their activity in a wet environment.When visiting the saunas, swimming pools, baths, with a joint use of personal hygiene items, the risk of infection increases, especially if there are discreet microwaves on the skin.
- Auto-on-on-on-the-thickness can occur with an accidental transfer of a virus cell living from a damaged area to healthy parts of the skin during shaving, hair removal and simply not complicated with hygienic rules.
It is important to know!The high carcinogen risk causal agent is transmitted mainly sexually and barrier contraceptives do not guarantee complete protection against infection.This is due not only to the small size of the virus, but also to its location on the surface of the dermis, not covered with a condom.
The reasons for the progression of papillomatosis
Whatever the degree of oncogenicity, the HPV is treacherous, that is to say that it is capable of living in the human body, without showing itself in any way.Depending on the state of the immune system, the incubation period may last from 2 to 3 weeks to several decades.Therefore, people who have no external signs do not even suspect an infectious agent in their bodies.
Rapid propagation does not start immediately, but only in favorable conditions, namely the weakening of the protective mechanism, which occurs in the context of the following factors:
- Stress, overwork;
- Lean and monotonous nutrition;
- hormonal violations;
- Bad habits - smoke the abuse of tobacco and alcohol;
- frequent abortions, complications after childbirth;
- Inflammatory and infectious diseases of the genito-first system;
- IPPP, including AIDS, HIV, Herpes;
- chronic diseases at the exacerbation stage;
- The period of pregnancy.
The risk group is mainly fairer sex.The probability of infection increases in people of reproductive age aged 20 to 45, leading an active sex life.
Symptoms at different stages
Papillomavirus infection can be pronounced or flee in a latent or subclinical form.Symptomatic manifestations of the disease are variable, due to the type of HPV, its danger.The hidden course of the disease is characterized by the absence of signs.
External signs:
- Papillomas;
- flat and vulgar warts;
- Sharp condylomas.
Forms that are not visible during the external inspection:
- Discosatosis;
- Coilocytosis;
- Epithelium dysplasia.
Relapses in the context of papillomavirus appear in the form of such pathologies:
- Discoposis with light epithelial changes;
- in fact dysplasia;
- cancerous tumor;
- Flat cell carcinoma.
It is important to know!In the case of a virus damage to non -infogetic nature, the formation of warts is possible, located on palm trees, legs of the legs.In the absence of cosmetic discomfort, elimination indications do not exist.
In a woman, a fever, chills, itching, an increase in temperature and vaginal flows develop during an exacerbation.
Learn more about the consequences
The type and severity of the infection by HPV are determined by the activity of the pathogen and its type.With the genotype of a high oncogenic risk, prolonged replication helps to increase the number of cellular structures with the mutation of the genome.
In the context of bacterial vaginosis, the transformation of the cervical epithelium, as well as a number of other pathological processes occurring in the body, the risk of a precancerous stage or the development of a malignant tumor increases.
The latter include the following states.
- Cervical cancer.The second disease after mammary gland cancer in women.More than 70% of all cases are caused by the activity of type 16 and 18 HPV.
- Carcinoma of the vagina and the vulva.In the structure of oncopathologies in the anogenital region, it occupies a leading place.Each tenth case is caused by a low-orcogenic strain of 6 or 11, and a third of all diseases are caused by viruses 16 and 18.
- Anal cancer.It is detected mainly in women, but also recorded in homosexuals men who practice the method of unconventional relationships, although doctors do not take on another means of transmitting infections.The cause of oncopathology is the activity of HPV 18 and 16.
Of course, this is not a sentence, but in relation to these data, the need for careful gynecological and cancer diagnostics is increasing.A complete examination allows the early stages to identify structural changes in cells and tissues, which, with the human papillomavirus, helps to determine how to treat it correctly.
Diagnostic procedures
As already mentioned, diagnostic measures play an important role in damage to HPV infection.
The modern examination is carried out with special care and includes several procedures:
- The primary consultation includes a visual inspection in order to identify the external signs (warts, papillomas).If the growths are found in the urogenital region, the doctor directs the patient for an additional exam of the cervix or urestroscopy.
- Dad test or cytological examination with a smear according to the PapanicOleau method.According to the results divided into classes, the doctor determines the risks of the infectious process.Thus, the 1st and the 2nd degree indicate the normal state of the tissues, 3 - the beginning of pathological changes, the 4th and 5th year characterizes the presence of oncogenic cells.
- Koloscopy.It is made in the case of dysplastic changes in the tissues of the cervix.The test using acetic acid is prescribed to clarify the activity of the papillom virus.A positive result manifests in the form of a mosaic motif on the surface of the epithelium.
- Histology.The study of the sample of the affected tissue is carried out if it is necessary to study the cells and the pathological changes present there.During the procedure, you can identify the epithelial structures of particularly large sizes.
- PCR.The most common and informative test.Using the chain reaction of the polymerase, it is possible to typification, to determine the degree of oncogenicity, the maximum concentration in the blood.
- Digène test.The modern innovative research method allows you to clarify the existing results and determine the probability of training in oncological education.
Regarding men, the same diagnostic tactics are made.After a visual inspection, he goes to tests.It is only according to the results of the examination, the specialist is able to assess the complexity of the clinical case and to prescribe adequate treatment.
Treatment approaches
Today, there is no drug that could completely and forever destroy viral infection in the body.If the self-eating did not take place, the most promising is the complete combined approach.The treatment of HPCH implies the surgical elimination of papillomas or warts in the context of systemic therapy with drugs, homeopathy means, the folk method.There are several options for the destruction of growth.
Surgical radio.With a special knife, the training is excised, after which coagulation is produced and a bandage is applied.
Laser.A bloody and painless way.Instead of the removal, a crust remains under which the healing process takes place.The drawback is the appearance of scars.
Electrocoagulation.The procedure is largely similar to the previous two in terms of efficiency, cost and effective exposure.
Cryodestruction.Treatment of growth of any type of liquid nitrogen.After freezing, they are rejected by the skin.Available price, lack of blood, scars makes this method most attractive.
Surgical excision.It is carried out extremely rarely, only according to the indications in the event of suspicion of the probability of developing an oncology.The growth is excised using a scalpel.
Systemic treatment of papillomavirus allows us to strengthen immunity, reduce the concentration of agent's DNA in the blood and prevent the development of clever processes.
To this end, he appoints pills:
- immunomodulators;
- antiviral agents;
- Cytostatic.
The duration of course treatment is 10 to 14 days.If there is a permanent sexual partner, it is necessary to persuade him to undergo an exam and to start therapy.You also don't have to get rid of growth yourself.
Preventive measures
Since human papillomavirus is easily spread among people of all ages, there is no guarantee guaranteed to protect it from penetration.According to patient examinations, vaccination is a reliable option to prevent infection.
Modern medicine as a prevention offers special serums.Medicines are produced in the form of a suspension, in disposable syringes, which facilitates the introduction of the vaccine and minimizes the risk of infection.Girls and boys aged 9 to 14, as well as young women under the age of 26, are subject to vaccination.The serums are well tolerated by the body.
Vaccination is carried out for preventive purposes and cannot act as a medication.
To minimize the risk of infection, it is necessary to comply with simple recommendations.
- Carefully monitor personal hygiene;
- Get rid of bad habits;
- strengthen immunity, play sports;
- Practice only secure sex, avoid random links;
- Carefully approach the choice of sexual partner;
- Follow screening by a gynecologist, a venereologist.
A serious attitude towards your health will help avoid infections and, in the case of the penetration of the virus - to reduce the probability of its spread.
Conclusion
HPV is the most common option of infection from which no one can protect themselves.To prevent the activation of the virus, it is necessary to observe preventive measures and reduce the risk of oncology to undergo planned exams and consult specialists.